What Is Molecular Weight Chemistry Definition

Molecular weight is a measure of the sum of the atomic weight  values of the atoms in a molecule. Molecular weight is used in chemistry to determine stoichiometry in chemical reactions and equations. Molecular weight is commonly abbreviated by M.W. or MW. Molecular weight is either unitless or expressed in terms  of atomic mass units (amu) or Daltons (Da). Both atomic weight and molecular weight are defined relative to the mass of the isotope carbon-12, which is assigned a value of 12 amu. The reason the atomic weight of carbon is not precisely 12 is that it is a mixture of isotopes of carbon. Sample Molecular Weight Calculation The calculation for molecular weight is based on the molecular formula of a compound (i.e., not the simplest formula, which only includes the ratio of types of atoms and not the number). The number of each type of atom is multiplied by its atomic weight and then added to the weights of the other atoms. For example, the molecular formula of hexane is C6H14. The subscripts indicate the number of each type of atom, so there are 6 carbon atoms and 14 hydrogen atoms in each hexane molecule. The atomic weight of carbon and hydrogen may be found on a periodic table. Atomic weight of carbon: 12.01Atomic weight of hydrogen: 1.01 molecular weight (number of carbon atoms)(C atomic weight) (number of H atoms)(H atomic weight) so we calculate as follows: molecular weight (6 x 12.01) (14 x 1.01)molecular weight of hexane 72.06 14.14molecular weight of hexane 86.20 amu How Molecular Weight Is Determined Empirical data on the molecular weight of a compound depends on the size of the molecule in question. Mass spectrometry is commonly used to find the molecular mass of small to medium-sized molecules. The weight of larger molecules and macromolecules (e.g., DNA, proteins) is found using light scattering and viscosity. Specifically, the Zimm method of light scattering and the hydrodynamic methods dynamic light scattering (DLS), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), diffusion-ordered nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DOSY), and viscometry may be used. Molecular Weight and Isotopes Note, if you are working with specific isotopes of an atom, you should use the atomic weight of that isotope rather than the weighted average provided from the periodic table. For example, if instead of hydrogen, you are dealing only with the isotope deuterium, you use 2.00 rather than 1.01 for the atomic mass of the element. Ordinarily, the difference between the atomic weight of an element and the atomic weight of one specific isotope is relatively minor, but it can be important in certain calculations! Molecular Weight Versus Molecular Mass Molecular weight is often used interchangeably with molecular mass in chemistry, although technically there is a difference between the two.  Molecular mass is a measure of mass and molecular weight is a measure of force acting on the molecular mass. A more correct term for both molecular weight and molecular mass, as they are used in chemistry, would be relative molecular mass.

Bullying in the Workplace - 2670 Words

Introduction Bullying in the workplace has always been an issue that has not been given much importance. It is indeed a problem that should be addressed by the concerned personnel because it can result in many health and safety issues, especially when nurses are bullied at their workplace. From the beginning of times, people who are deployed at a senior post to tend to look down upon the students or new people who have just started work. Nursing is also one of the professions in which the fresh graduates or students are bullied to the extent that they feel that they would not be able to face their seniors. They start developing inferiority complex and are unable to perform their job well. When they are taunted by their seniors and preceptors about their lack of knowledge and experience, their confidence is shattered. This implies that when they are handling a case, they are not confident if they are doing the right thing or not. In this tussle, they sometimes do not even perform the task they wer e really good at and put the health and safety of the patient at stake. Many incidents of this sort have taken place in the past and take place every single day and it is an example of just a single profession in which bullying is quite extensive and subtle at the same time. Therefore, the administration of the hospitals, and other workplaces for that matter, should make sure that the trainees are not targeted by their seniors just because they have less experience than them. TheShow MoreRelatedWorkplace Bullying And The Workplace1529 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace bullying is something that is a big contemporary problem, that I feel is often pushed under the rug and not discussed. Workplace bullying can effect a person’s health, and it can also affect their role as it relates to their workplace performance. I would like to discuss workplace bullying to help those that has been through this or is currently going through this. I want to provide different steps workers can take if they feel they are being bullied in their workplace. According to th eRead MoreWorkplace Bullying And The Workplace3373 Words   |  14 Pages Workplace Bullying By 4 Seasons http://static.selfdeprecate.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Christie-bully-new-jersey-cartoon.jpg By: David Lam, Jolly Pandaya, Tavric Chance, and Sharon Jusczak Table of Contents What is workplace bullying and where does it come from? 3 Workplace bullying 3 History of workplace bullying 3 Damages cause by bullying 3 Facts about work bullying 3 What constitutes workplace bullying? 3 Mean boss vs. bully 3 Physical and psychological effects 4 Non-verbal characteristicsRead MoreBullying in the Workplace2514 Words   |  11 PagesBullying in the workplace is one of the most significant challenges facing companies today. According to the Waitt Institute for Violence Prevention nearly half (49%) of all workers in the United States have been a victim or witnessed abusive behavior towards an employee (www.workplacebullying.org). Bullying in the workplace is similar to childhood bullying, but workplace bullies often operate within established policies of their companies. They commit deliberate acts against employees or co-workersRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Bullying On Workplace Essay907 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many reasons workplace bullying is costly and preventable. Workplace bullying can occur among all people and different venues. In school and business, practicing bullying it is unlikely to conducive positive performance and it is costly and preventable. The key is creating a positive work environment wher e bullying is not rewarded. Senior management and executives should take control of stopping workplace bullying and realizing it is possible for employee and employer to work together toRead MoreWorkplace Bullying And Workplace Harassment Essay4824 Words   |  20 Pagesevery single person is trying to be better than his/her peers or subordinates, the instances of workplace aggression leading to workplace bullying and workplace harassment are very common. Work organizations are like any other social setting where scarce resources, competition, time constraints to complete goals, personality of individuals often leads to workplace bullying and workplace harassment. Bullying and harassment are situations where a worker or supervisor is systematically mistreated and victimizedRead MoreAdult Bullying And The Workplace1555 Words   |  7 Pages Adult bullying in the workplace has become quite commonplace and its consequences can be far-reaching. 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The body responds to stressRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying On The Workplace925 Words   |  4 PagesPressure / unwitting bullying – working to unlikely time scales as well as providing minimal supplies to finish the given task. Corporate bullying – a business manhandle with an exemption, knowing the law is feeble and work business sector is delicate. Organizational bullying – a blend of force and harassing happens when an association battles to accustom to evolving markets, decreased salary, a decrease in financial plans, forced desires, and other acute compulsions. Institutional bullying – settled inRead MoreEssay on Workplace Bullying1084 Words   |  5 Pages Workplace Bullying Angela Barbato BUS 600 Management Professor Frank Bucaria February 8, 2014 Workplace bulling is abusive behavior that creates an intimidating and uncomfortable work environment that affects another person or persons safety or well-being (Qualia Soup, 2014). 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Evaluation of my ICT Database, Spreadsheet and Newsletter Free Essays

Health and Safety I followed the school rules, and didn’t bring any food/drink into any computer rooms that could be damaging the electrical appliances if any beverages split on it. I didn’t bring my bag or coat into the classroom to reduce chance of someone tripping over, and I made sure that all wires were safely under my desk so that no-one could trip over them. When it was sunny and I was sat facing a computer I made sure that the blinds were closed so that I didn’t get a headache. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluation of my ICT Database, Spreadsheet and Newsletter or any similar topic only for you Order Now When I had a double lesson we had a 5minute break between the 2 periods. This was to reduce chances of getting a headache, poor circulation or even backache. I adjusted my chair’s height so that my eyes were at the same level as the screen to reduce eye strain. I watched out for any trailing cables from the mouse or headphones and I used wrist rests to prevent RSI. Security I made sure that I never told anyone my password, or that I didn’t write it down so that no one could alter my work in any way, or delete it. I had no internet access so no viruses could be downloaded. I saved my work regularly just in case of a power cut, or if I knocked the wires, or if some other thing happened. My work was regularly backed up, every night, and saved on an external hard-drive. I followed safe, healthy and secure working times at all times. I can load software and save work in folders without help. I can also print, and use the computer network without aid. Database Evaluation Fields Firstly, I have 13 fields in my database, but to improve I could add more ‘Yes/No’ fields such as: ‘free flight meal’, ‘room service’, etc. Also, the lengths of fields, in the table view, were not restricted. This leads to memory loss – which could be a vital aspect later on. To make improvements I made sure that I used a field restriction from 255 to 75. A good point of the fields in my database is that ‘Date/Time’ (departure, arrival) fields used a ‘NN/NN/NN’ format. (N meaning number) This saves the user from having to write out the date, this could also lead to human error. Data Entry I have many types of data entry, such as: ‘Currency’, ‘Text’, ‘Date/Time’, ‘Number’, ‘Yes/No’. I have used all the data entry types that I think fit this task. Validation I used a range check on my Number of People, Reference Number, etc. To make sure that only a certain number can be entered. Forms My colour scheme for my database is colourful, but not too bright. I don’t feel the need to improve my colour scheme as it’s very basic. The font I used is easier to read and is adequately sized. There are advantages in using a form, for example – you don’t need to scroll down to view all the table, this could prevent RSI, because they isn’t a need to scroll down/up. Sorts I sorted my holiday dates in order to make it easier to find holidays closer to the current date. Searches I did searches on holidays with cruises. By using a search, it was quicker and easier to find the holidays that catered for my specific holiday. The searches would be very useful to a working company as it would be much quicker to fin d a holiday to a certain specification. I also did advanced search to find specific words to do with my holiday. Reports My report was organised into the type of country, then the destination. The size of the fields allowed all, if not the majority, of information to be displayed and the information is set out quite simply. The report is much easier to read than in a table because you don’t have to scroll down or anything. However, some of the fields have being cut of the edge. I could do other reports based on the prices of holidays, etc. Spread sheet Evaluation Layout and Data The labels of my different fields are clear and easily understandable. The data I have included in realistic and I know this because I used a travel website as a guideline – so that it was easier for me to do mine. And I also went to a travel agency and they showed me they’re website and some of the features I could use in mine. The cell merging was used when starting how many in a group. I have used grids to separate each bit of the spread sheet, so people don’t get confused about where the information is supposed to be. I could have used extra labels such as the type of holiday each is or whether there are disabled facilities. Formulas In my spread sheet, there is automatic recalculation if data changes, as shown in my What If Investigations. This is helpful if there is a sudden change in hotel costs as it automatically recalculates the total cost. The calculations are also accurate and do not need checking. To improve, I could use other formulas such as a ‘count’ or use a ‘3d cell reference’. Realistic Data and Outcomes All my prices, including the cost of the hotel extras and the cost of the different travel options, were realistic. I know this because I used a number of websites to get ideas for the right price and averaged the cost. To make the data more realistic, I should use the same website to find out all the guide prices. General Advantages or Disadvantages Using a spread sheet saves time when searching for data. The prices of my holidays are easy to find and realistic. The graphs I used make the different data for the different holidays come together in one easy to find place. The information that needs to be found can be found quickly with no hassle. Future Developments There are other spreadsheets that could be useful to the company. There could be a spread sheet that shows the different costs of different airline companies or train companies to find out the cheapest way to get to your destination. I could also add in other sheets to the spreadsheet I have already, like a sheet displaying the discounts available of each holiday or a sheet showing the cost of a holiday to each destination for one adult, two adults, three adults etc. Newsletter Evaluation Good Points I agree with some of the points given, but I disagree with others. I agree that the use of my variety of fonts and use of techniques such as centred, underlining, bold – which added empathy to my information. I have displayed the prices in an appropriate manner, with techniques such as bold, underlining. I think the theme I used for my newsletter fits well with the Holiday theme because it’s not dark. My newsletter is more appealing to Adults, because of the cruise. Bad Points There are some bad points, or points that I think need improving about my newsletter. I could of used more auto shapes to add more depth to my newsletter, it looks plain. The pictures I added to my master page are a little too small, although they are set of in a good way. Also the writing size I have chosen is too small to read. The colours I have used do not over-whelm the reader, it’s very plain and easily read – despite the size of the font. Improvements To improve my newsletter I need to do the following:- I could change the colour of my existing tables so that they fit the colour scheme throughout my pages in my newsletter. I could make the font bigger so that the read wouldn’t have any trouble in reading the information I have put in my newsletter. I could increase the size of my master-page images so that they are easily viewed, since that is one of the main features of my newsletter. I could use different customized bullet points, since I haven’t added any bullet points in my newsletter. PowerPoint Evaluation Good Points I agree with some points made and, again, I disagree with some. I agree that the colour scheme I have used is appropriate to the target audience, it’s quite sophisticated. I have not used headers and footers – this would of being easier to give the powerpoint slides specific titles so the reader could easily identify the holiday they want to look at. My pictures are a adequate size, and the positioning is good. I used different fonts and techniques to make my powerpoint more interesting to the reader. Bad Points On the other hand, there are some bad points about my powerpoint:- I didn’t use coloured text, which would of made it more interesting. I haven’t used headers and footers (explained in good points.) Improvements To improve my powerpoint I could:- Put colour on my text, to make the readers more interested. I could put headers and footers so the reader knows straight away what type of holiday this is. How to cite Evaluation of my ICT Database, Spreadsheet and Newsletter, Papers

Academic and Non Academic Writing

Question: Discuss about theAcademic and Non Academic Writing. Answer: Introduction: The academic writing is organized in a formal order to present an idea which is supported with the help of citations. The structure used in academic writing has an introduction about the topics followed by the content and then the conclusion. The citation or referencing form a very important part of academic writing. It is properly organized and analyzed. Third person point of view is used in academic writing. The rules of grammar and punctuations are followed strictly in it (Janks, 2012). The tone used in it is formal which means no colloquialism, slangs or contractions are used while writing academic articles. The language used is clear and precise. The key features followed in it include structure, development of the idea, analytic approach, use of citations, language, and explicitness. Whereas non-academic writing is more of an informal writing which are mainly used in writing personal journal entries, magazines, newspaper, emails, letters, text messages, etc. The language used w hile written non-academic writing is informal, simpler, and more conversational and often slang and dialogues are used in it. The sentence structure used in it is also informal. Often creative fiction falls in this category of writing (Leijen and Leontjeva, 2012). Essay: Exploring the Dark Side of Globalization The essay Exploring the Dark Side of Globalization first gives an introduction to the meaning of globalization which is followed by the content of the essay which describes the causes and impact of globalization. In the later part of the essay both the pros and cons of globalization are discussed. The Para at the end is more like an opinion of the writer rather than a conclusion which talks about the advantages of the globalization rather than the negative effects caused due to it. The language used in the easy is very simple and informal. Academic Text: Rethinking Global Economic and Social Governance All the features that are required in an academic writing are present in the Rethinking Global Economic and Social Governance article. The heading of the article and the name of the author is given in the starting. The date when it was published and the name of the journal in which it was published, is mentioned. The structure that is used is as per the requirement of the academic writing that is it starts with an abstract which gives a brief description of the paper and the issues which are discussed in the paper. The keywords that are used in the paper are mentioned in the starting. The body of the paper consist of various headings and subheadings which are related to and discusses each aspect of the topic. Each subheading has an opening sentence and consists of a paragraph at the end which summarizes the argument given in the text. The article is supported by in- text citation throughout to support the investigation and article of the author and at the end, a long list of referenc es which consist of both the non-academic and academic references are given. The language which is used in this paper is very formal as per the requirement of academic writing. In the end, the conclusion is given which summarizes the whole article (Ocampo, 2010). Newspaper Article: The Darker side of Globalization In the newspaper article The Darker side of Globalization published in the The Hindu in the year 2011 on 10th January, author talks about the dark side of Globalization around the globe. In the starting of the text, the author gives a brief description of the article and the meaning of globalization. Images are used to connect with the readers and to explain the topic in a better way to the readers. The language and the sentence structure used are very basic and informal. The article focuses to explain the importance of globalization in todays economy and the darker side of globalization by using the examples of various countries. Later in the article, the author has discussed on how to manage the challenges faced due to globalization. The keywords which are relevant to the article are also mentioned at the end of the article (Heine and Thakur, 2011). Conclusion Academic writing focuses on academic or specific field category. It has a formal tone and structure, unlike non-academic writing in which informal tone is used while writing. At the starting of an academic writing, there is research object or research background. The process followed in academic writing is rigid and objective. Whereas non-academic writing is based on the general issue of someones thinking or idea. It does not have a set standard, and it reflects the authors personality and style. It does not focus on specific topic or field. Academic writing only talks about the facts whereas non-academic writing uses the tone which is more relax, free- style and flexible. A non-academic writing helps in only telling about the idea or opinion of someone, and it does not contribute towards academic research. References Ayafor, M. (2011). Non-standard features in English in Anglophone Cameroon New Writing: dilemmas for the education system.English Today, 27(03), pp.52-61. Busch-Lauer, I. (2002). Technical vs. academic writing in English Any difference for non-native writers?.ASp, (37-38), pp.37-46. Heine, J. and Thakur, R. (2011). the dark side of globalisation.The Hindu. Janks, H. (2012). The discipline and craft of academic writing: Building writing capacity in Institutions of Higher Education.Reading Writing, 3(1). Leijen, D. and Leontjeva, A. (2012). Linguistic and review features of peer feedback and their effect on implementation of changes in academic writing: A corpus based investigation.Journal of Writing Research, 4(2), pp.177-202. Ocampo, J. (2010). Rethinking Global Economic and Social Governance.Journal of Globalization and Development, 1(1). UK Essays. November 2013. Exploring The Dark Side Of Globalisation Economics Essay. [online]. Available from: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/economics/exploring-the-dark-side-of-globalisation-economics-essay.php?cref=1 [Accessed 30 August 2016]. Yang, H. (2016). Describing and interpreting graphs: The relationships between undergraduate writer characteristics and academic graph writing performance.Assessing Writing, 28, pp.28-42.