What Is Molecular Weight Chemistry Definition

Molecular weight is a measure of the sum of the atomic weight  values of the atoms in a molecule. Molecular weight is used in chemistry to determine stoichiometry in chemical reactions and equations. Molecular weight is commonly abbreviated by M.W. or MW. Molecular weight is either unitless or expressed in terms  of atomic mass units (amu) or Daltons (Da). Both atomic weight and molecular weight are defined relative to the mass of the isotope carbon-12, which is assigned a value of 12 amu. The reason the atomic weight of carbon is not precisely 12 is that it is a mixture of isotopes of carbon. Sample Molecular Weight Calculation The calculation for molecular weight is based on the molecular formula of a compound (i.e., not the simplest formula, which only includes the ratio of types of atoms and not the number). The number of each type of atom is multiplied by its atomic weight and then added to the weights of the other atoms. For example, the molecular formula of hexane is C6H14. The subscripts indicate the number of each type of atom, so there are 6 carbon atoms and 14 hydrogen atoms in each hexane molecule. The atomic weight of carbon and hydrogen may be found on a periodic table. Atomic weight of carbon: 12.01Atomic weight of hydrogen: 1.01 molecular weight (number of carbon atoms)(C atomic weight) (number of H atoms)(H atomic weight) so we calculate as follows: molecular weight (6 x 12.01) (14 x 1.01)molecular weight of hexane 72.06 14.14molecular weight of hexane 86.20 amu How Molecular Weight Is Determined Empirical data on the molecular weight of a compound depends on the size of the molecule in question. Mass spectrometry is commonly used to find the molecular mass of small to medium-sized molecules. The weight of larger molecules and macromolecules (e.g., DNA, proteins) is found using light scattering and viscosity. Specifically, the Zimm method of light scattering and the hydrodynamic methods dynamic light scattering (DLS), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), diffusion-ordered nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DOSY), and viscometry may be used. Molecular Weight and Isotopes Note, if you are working with specific isotopes of an atom, you should use the atomic weight of that isotope rather than the weighted average provided from the periodic table. For example, if instead of hydrogen, you are dealing only with the isotope deuterium, you use 2.00 rather than 1.01 for the atomic mass of the element. Ordinarily, the difference between the atomic weight of an element and the atomic weight of one specific isotope is relatively minor, but it can be important in certain calculations! Molecular Weight Versus Molecular Mass Molecular weight is often used interchangeably with molecular mass in chemistry, although technically there is a difference between the two.  Molecular mass is a measure of mass and molecular weight is a measure of force acting on the molecular mass. A more correct term for both molecular weight and molecular mass, as they are used in chemistry, would be relative molecular mass.

Bullying in the Workplace - 2670 Words

Introduction Bullying in the workplace has always been an issue that has not been given much importance. It is indeed a problem that should be addressed by the concerned personnel because it can result in many health and safety issues, especially when nurses are bullied at their workplace. From the beginning of times, people who are deployed at a senior post to tend to look down upon the students or new people who have just started work. Nursing is also one of the professions in which the fresh graduates or students are bullied to the extent that they feel that they would not be able to face their seniors. They start developing inferiority complex and are unable to perform their job well. When they are taunted by their seniors and preceptors about their lack of knowledge and experience, their confidence is shattered. This implies that when they are handling a case, they are not confident if they are doing the right thing or not. In this tussle, they sometimes do not even perform the task they wer e really good at and put the health and safety of the patient at stake. Many incidents of this sort have taken place in the past and take place every single day and it is an example of just a single profession in which bullying is quite extensive and subtle at the same time. Therefore, the administration of the hospitals, and other workplaces for that matter, should make sure that the trainees are not targeted by their seniors just because they have less experience than them. TheShow MoreRelatedWorkplace Bullying And The Workplace1529 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace bullying is something that is a big contemporary problem, that I feel is often pushed under the rug and not discussed. Workplace bullying can effect a person’s health, and it can also affect their role as it relates to their workplace performance. I would like to discuss workplace bullying to help those that has been through this or is currently going through this. I want to provide different steps workers can take if they feel they are being bullied in their workplace. According to th eRead MoreWorkplace Bullying And The Workplace3373 Words   |  14 Pages Workplace Bullying By 4 Seasons http://static.selfdeprecate.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Christie-bully-new-jersey-cartoon.jpg By: David Lam, Jolly Pandaya, Tavric Chance, and Sharon Jusczak Table of Contents What is workplace bullying and where does it come from? 3 Workplace bullying 3 History of workplace bullying 3 Damages cause by bullying 3 Facts about work bullying 3 What constitutes workplace bullying? 3 Mean boss vs. bully 3 Physical and psychological effects 4 Non-verbal characteristicsRead MoreBullying in the Workplace2514 Words   |  11 PagesBullying in the workplace is one of the most significant challenges facing companies today. According to the Waitt Institute for Violence Prevention nearly half (49%) of all workers in the United States have been a victim or witnessed abusive behavior towards an employee (www.workplacebullying.org). Bullying in the workplace is similar to childhood bullying, but workplace bullies often operate within established policies of their companies. They commit deliberate acts against employees or co-workersRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Bullying On Workplace Essay907 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many reasons workplace bullying is costly and preventable. Workplace bullying can occur among all people and different venues. In school and business, practicing bullying it is unlikely to conducive positive performance and it is costly and preventable. The key is creating a positive work environment wher e bullying is not rewarded. Senior management and executives should take control of stopping workplace bullying and realizing it is possible for employee and employer to work together toRead MoreWorkplace Bullying And Workplace Harassment Essay4824 Words   |  20 Pagesevery single person is trying to be better than his/her peers or subordinates, the instances of workplace aggression leading to workplace bullying and workplace harassment are very common. Work organizations are like any other social setting where scarce resources, competition, time constraints to complete goals, personality of individuals often leads to workplace bullying and workplace harassment. Bullying and harassment are situations where a worker or supervisor is systematically mistreated and victimizedRead MoreAdult Bullying And The Workplace1555 Words   |  7 Pages Adult bullying in the workplace has become quite commonplace and its consequences can be far-reaching. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 146 million Americans are employed in the United States, and an estimated 54 million of those are bullied at work (Namie, 2007). These statistics are staggering. Bullying is defined as a combination of verbal abuse and behaviors that are humiliating, threatening, or intimidating and create harm (health, social, or economic) to individuals and mayRead MoreWorkplace Bullying And The Victim1644 Words   |  7 Pages Workplace Bullying and the Victim When a nurse is bullied, she often develops the feeling associated with disappointment in regards to being a nurse and their ability to handle the bully. The feelings of failure manifest into actions. The nurse’s productivity decreases, which leads to actions of incompetency. Workplace bullying causes physical and emotional illnesses in the victim. Workplace bullying is a stressor. A stressor is defined as anything that generates stress. The body responds to stressRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying On The Workplace925 Words   |  4 PagesPressure / unwitting bullying – working to unlikely time scales as well as providing minimal supplies to finish the given task. Corporate bullying – a business manhandle with an exemption, knowing the law is feeble and work business sector is delicate. Organizational bullying – a blend of force and harassing happens when an association battles to accustom to evolving markets, decreased salary, a decrease in financial plans, forced desires, and other acute compulsions. Institutional bullying – settled inRead MoreEssay on Workplace Bullying1084 Words   |  5 Pages Workplace Bullying Angela Barbato BUS 600 Management Professor Frank Bucaria February 8, 2014 Workplace bulling is abusive behavior that creates an intimidating and uncomfortable work environment that affects another person or persons safety or well-being (Qualia Soup, 2014). The article Workplace Bullying: Costly and Preventable by Wiedmer, T.L. (2011) discusses work place bullying and its effects on productivity and the work environment. Workplace bullingRead MoreWorkplace Bullying : An Analysis Essay1313 Words   |  6 PagesWorkplace Bullying: An Analysis Workplace bullying is defined as the repeated, heath-harming mistreatment of one or more persons (targets) by one or more perpetrators within an organizational setting. It is abusive conduct in the workplace that is threatening, humiliating, or intimidating. Workplace bullies often utilize verbal abuse or sabotage to control and torment their targets through acts of commission (doing things to others) or omission (withholding resources from others). Unrestrained workplace

Evaluation of my ICT Database, Spreadsheet and Newsletter Free Essays

Health and Safety I followed the school rules, and didn’t bring any food/drink into any computer rooms that could be damaging the electrical appliances if any beverages split on it. I didn’t bring my bag or coat into the classroom to reduce chance of someone tripping over, and I made sure that all wires were safely under my desk so that no-one could trip over them. When it was sunny and I was sat facing a computer I made sure that the blinds were closed so that I didn’t get a headache. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluation of my ICT Database, Spreadsheet and Newsletter or any similar topic only for you Order Now When I had a double lesson we had a 5minute break between the 2 periods. This was to reduce chances of getting a headache, poor circulation or even backache. I adjusted my chair’s height so that my eyes were at the same level as the screen to reduce eye strain. I watched out for any trailing cables from the mouse or headphones and I used wrist rests to prevent RSI. Security I made sure that I never told anyone my password, or that I didn’t write it down so that no one could alter my work in any way, or delete it. I had no internet access so no viruses could be downloaded. I saved my work regularly just in case of a power cut, or if I knocked the wires, or if some other thing happened. My work was regularly backed up, every night, and saved on an external hard-drive. I followed safe, healthy and secure working times at all times. I can load software and save work in folders without help. I can also print, and use the computer network without aid. Database Evaluation Fields Firstly, I have 13 fields in my database, but to improve I could add more ‘Yes/No’ fields such as: ‘free flight meal’, ‘room service’, etc. Also, the lengths of fields, in the table view, were not restricted. This leads to memory loss – which could be a vital aspect later on. To make improvements I made sure that I used a field restriction from 255 to 75. A good point of the fields in my database is that ‘Date/Time’ (departure, arrival) fields used a ‘NN/NN/NN’ format. (N meaning number) This saves the user from having to write out the date, this could also lead to human error. Data Entry I have many types of data entry, such as: ‘Currency’, ‘Text’, ‘Date/Time’, ‘Number’, ‘Yes/No’. I have used all the data entry types that I think fit this task. Validation I used a range check on my Number of People, Reference Number, etc. To make sure that only a certain number can be entered. Forms My colour scheme for my database is colourful, but not too bright. I don’t feel the need to improve my colour scheme as it’s very basic. The font I used is easier to read and is adequately sized. There are advantages in using a form, for example – you don’t need to scroll down to view all the table, this could prevent RSI, because they isn’t a need to scroll down/up. Sorts I sorted my holiday dates in order to make it easier to find holidays closer to the current date. Searches I did searches on holidays with cruises. By using a search, it was quicker and easier to find the holidays that catered for my specific holiday. The searches would be very useful to a working company as it would be much quicker to fin d a holiday to a certain specification. I also did advanced search to find specific words to do with my holiday. Reports My report was organised into the type of country, then the destination. The size of the fields allowed all, if not the majority, of information to be displayed and the information is set out quite simply. The report is much easier to read than in a table because you don’t have to scroll down or anything. However, some of the fields have being cut of the edge. I could do other reports based on the prices of holidays, etc. Spread sheet Evaluation Layout and Data The labels of my different fields are clear and easily understandable. The data I have included in realistic and I know this because I used a travel website as a guideline – so that it was easier for me to do mine. And I also went to a travel agency and they showed me they’re website and some of the features I could use in mine. The cell merging was used when starting how many in a group. I have used grids to separate each bit of the spread sheet, so people don’t get confused about where the information is supposed to be. I could have used extra labels such as the type of holiday each is or whether there are disabled facilities. Formulas In my spread sheet, there is automatic recalculation if data changes, as shown in my What If Investigations. This is helpful if there is a sudden change in hotel costs as it automatically recalculates the total cost. The calculations are also accurate and do not need checking. To improve, I could use other formulas such as a ‘count’ or use a ‘3d cell reference’. Realistic Data and Outcomes All my prices, including the cost of the hotel extras and the cost of the different travel options, were realistic. I know this because I used a number of websites to get ideas for the right price and averaged the cost. To make the data more realistic, I should use the same website to find out all the guide prices. General Advantages or Disadvantages Using a spread sheet saves time when searching for data. The prices of my holidays are easy to find and realistic. The graphs I used make the different data for the different holidays come together in one easy to find place. The information that needs to be found can be found quickly with no hassle. Future Developments There are other spreadsheets that could be useful to the company. There could be a spread sheet that shows the different costs of different airline companies or train companies to find out the cheapest way to get to your destination. I could also add in other sheets to the spreadsheet I have already, like a sheet displaying the discounts available of each holiday or a sheet showing the cost of a holiday to each destination for one adult, two adults, three adults etc. Newsletter Evaluation Good Points I agree with some of the points given, but I disagree with others. I agree that the use of my variety of fonts and use of techniques such as centred, underlining, bold – which added empathy to my information. I have displayed the prices in an appropriate manner, with techniques such as bold, underlining. I think the theme I used for my newsletter fits well with the Holiday theme because it’s not dark. My newsletter is more appealing to Adults, because of the cruise. Bad Points There are some bad points, or points that I think need improving about my newsletter. I could of used more auto shapes to add more depth to my newsletter, it looks plain. The pictures I added to my master page are a little too small, although they are set of in a good way. Also the writing size I have chosen is too small to read. The colours I have used do not over-whelm the reader, it’s very plain and easily read – despite the size of the font. Improvements To improve my newsletter I need to do the following:- I could change the colour of my existing tables so that they fit the colour scheme throughout my pages in my newsletter. I could make the font bigger so that the read wouldn’t have any trouble in reading the information I have put in my newsletter. I could increase the size of my master-page images so that they are easily viewed, since that is one of the main features of my newsletter. I could use different customized bullet points, since I haven’t added any bullet points in my newsletter. PowerPoint Evaluation Good Points I agree with some points made and, again, I disagree with some. I agree that the colour scheme I have used is appropriate to the target audience, it’s quite sophisticated. I have not used headers and footers – this would of being easier to give the powerpoint slides specific titles so the reader could easily identify the holiday they want to look at. My pictures are a adequate size, and the positioning is good. I used different fonts and techniques to make my powerpoint more interesting to the reader. Bad Points On the other hand, there are some bad points about my powerpoint:- I didn’t use coloured text, which would of made it more interesting. I haven’t used headers and footers (explained in good points.) Improvements To improve my powerpoint I could:- Put colour on my text, to make the readers more interested. I could put headers and footers so the reader knows straight away what type of holiday this is. How to cite Evaluation of my ICT Database, Spreadsheet and Newsletter, Papers

Academic and Non Academic Writing

Question: Discuss about theAcademic and Non Academic Writing. Answer: Introduction: The academic writing is organized in a formal order to present an idea which is supported with the help of citations. The structure used in academic writing has an introduction about the topics followed by the content and then the conclusion. The citation or referencing form a very important part of academic writing. It is properly organized and analyzed. Third person point of view is used in academic writing. The rules of grammar and punctuations are followed strictly in it (Janks, 2012). The tone used in it is formal which means no colloquialism, slangs or contractions are used while writing academic articles. The language used is clear and precise. The key features followed in it include structure, development of the idea, analytic approach, use of citations, language, and explicitness. Whereas non-academic writing is more of an informal writing which are mainly used in writing personal journal entries, magazines, newspaper, emails, letters, text messages, etc. The language used w hile written non-academic writing is informal, simpler, and more conversational and often slang and dialogues are used in it. The sentence structure used in it is also informal. Often creative fiction falls in this category of writing (Leijen and Leontjeva, 2012). Essay: Exploring the Dark Side of Globalization The essay Exploring the Dark Side of Globalization first gives an introduction to the meaning of globalization which is followed by the content of the essay which describes the causes and impact of globalization. In the later part of the essay both the pros and cons of globalization are discussed. The Para at the end is more like an opinion of the writer rather than a conclusion which talks about the advantages of the globalization rather than the negative effects caused due to it. The language used in the easy is very simple and informal. Academic Text: Rethinking Global Economic and Social Governance All the features that are required in an academic writing are present in the Rethinking Global Economic and Social Governance article. The heading of the article and the name of the author is given in the starting. The date when it was published and the name of the journal in which it was published, is mentioned. The structure that is used is as per the requirement of the academic writing that is it starts with an abstract which gives a brief description of the paper and the issues which are discussed in the paper. The keywords that are used in the paper are mentioned in the starting. The body of the paper consist of various headings and subheadings which are related to and discusses each aspect of the topic. Each subheading has an opening sentence and consists of a paragraph at the end which summarizes the argument given in the text. The article is supported by in- text citation throughout to support the investigation and article of the author and at the end, a long list of referenc es which consist of both the non-academic and academic references are given. The language which is used in this paper is very formal as per the requirement of academic writing. In the end, the conclusion is given which summarizes the whole article (Ocampo, 2010). Newspaper Article: The Darker side of Globalization In the newspaper article The Darker side of Globalization published in the The Hindu in the year 2011 on 10th January, author talks about the dark side of Globalization around the globe. In the starting of the text, the author gives a brief description of the article and the meaning of globalization. Images are used to connect with the readers and to explain the topic in a better way to the readers. The language and the sentence structure used are very basic and informal. The article focuses to explain the importance of globalization in todays economy and the darker side of globalization by using the examples of various countries. Later in the article, the author has discussed on how to manage the challenges faced due to globalization. The keywords which are relevant to the article are also mentioned at the end of the article (Heine and Thakur, 2011). Conclusion Academic writing focuses on academic or specific field category. It has a formal tone and structure, unlike non-academic writing in which informal tone is used while writing. At the starting of an academic writing, there is research object or research background. The process followed in academic writing is rigid and objective. Whereas non-academic writing is based on the general issue of someones thinking or idea. It does not have a set standard, and it reflects the authors personality and style. It does not focus on specific topic or field. Academic writing only talks about the facts whereas non-academic writing uses the tone which is more relax, free- style and flexible. A non-academic writing helps in only telling about the idea or opinion of someone, and it does not contribute towards academic research. References Ayafor, M. (2011). Non-standard features in English in Anglophone Cameroon New Writing: dilemmas for the education system.English Today, 27(03), pp.52-61. Busch-Lauer, I. (2002). Technical vs. academic writing in English Any difference for non-native writers?.ASp, (37-38), pp.37-46. Heine, J. and Thakur, R. (2011). the dark side of globalisation.The Hindu. Janks, H. (2012). The discipline and craft of academic writing: Building writing capacity in Institutions of Higher Education.Reading Writing, 3(1). Leijen, D. and Leontjeva, A. (2012). Linguistic and review features of peer feedback and their effect on implementation of changes in academic writing: A corpus based investigation.Journal of Writing Research, 4(2), pp.177-202. Ocampo, J. (2010). Rethinking Global Economic and Social Governance.Journal of Globalization and Development, 1(1). UK Essays. November 2013. Exploring The Dark Side Of Globalisation Economics Essay. [online]. Available from: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/economics/exploring-the-dark-side-of-globalisation-economics-essay.php?cref=1 [Accessed 30 August 2016]. Yang, H. (2016). Describing and interpreting graphs: The relationships between undergraduate writer characteristics and academic graph writing performance.Assessing Writing, 28, pp.28-42.

The Literacy Narrative, A Discourse Community Analysis, And A Writing Research Essay Example For Students

The Literacy Narrative, A Discourse Community Analysis, And A Writing Research Essay In my English 1010 class, I have learned to do a number of things through writing essays. I have written a Literacy Narrative, a Discourse Community Analysis, and a Writing Research essay. Firstly, I have learned to identify how an author’s purpose, audience, genre, and context determine effective writing. The purpose of the literacy narrative was to help me understand myself better as a writer (Jones 1). My teacher was the intended audience of the narrative. The genre of the narrative was non-fiction by cause of it being about my experience as a writer. The context of writing made my writing more interesting and more effective. Knowing those elements helps you to compose writing that is more effective due to you needing to know what you need to write about and who is receiving your writing. I displayed these skills by going into detail about my experiences with reading and writing through my life. As shown in the following sentence from my literacy narrative I shared how fun and exciting it was when my second-grade class received the opportunity to write a book, A Book of Future Astronauts, â€Å"Everyone in the class was truly excited to be writing our own book,† (Writing is Good). I showed that I accomplished the goal of knowing how to discover, develop, and explain ideas through writing processes that include generating, planning, revising, editing, and proofreading multiple drafts of a text in my discourse community analysis. We will write a custom essay on The Literacy Narrative, A Discourse Community Analysis, And A Writing Research specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The analysis was on my church, St. Luke Church of†¦

buy custom Strategies to Curb Domestic Violence in New York essay

buy custom Strategies to Curb Domestic Violence in New York essay For a long period of time, domestic violence has been the most unreported crime. It includes an individual or group saying hurtful or debasing words hitting, seizing a person, lashing, sexual assault, chocking or even murdering. It involves majorly cohabiting or married couple but sometimes extends the other members of the household. New York has set some strategies to fight domestic violence as discussed in the next paragraphs. The state has acknowledged domestic violence as one of the greatest problems. This helps in fighting by applying to the efforts to estimate the situation. The establishment of New York City Anti-Violence Project is an evidence of this recognition. This project has proposed various strategies through reports adopted not only in New York but by the United Nations, as well. This encourages those who experience violence to contact anti-violence programs for support and to document the form of violence to avoid future repeat. It has taken joint anti-violence actions in the social media to steer the fight. It has also encouraged national advocacy, technical and financial support aiding the fight of domestic violence. There are many shelters for abused women that provide more services such as the Sandgate Womens Shelter of Georgina and Yellow Brick House. These non-profit organizations provide services to help victims of the domestic violence abuse and empower them thereby aiding in the control and protection. Access to these shelters is through contacting the agents by the provided New York City hotline at 800-621-HOPE (4673). The victims are advised to take important documents with them on their departure, include those who have applied or are receiving public assistance. In case, the domestic violence shelter is full, the victims are helped to acquire a safety plan. The services are offered at a sliding fee scale. There are times that the waiting list is long, but the shelters keep in contact so that offer assistance collaboratively. There are various resources available to help in situations of violence. These include the emergency and homeless shelter, NYS domestic violence hotlines, the legal systems, computing resources, public libraries, help families, New York department of Health assistance, social security and financial assistance programs. They provide information on how to know that you are in a violence state, when, where and how to act. The state has provided information guides (both online and print versions) to develop awareness and extend the knowledge of the forms of domestic violence. The office for the prevention of domestic violence provides more links to useful resources. Buy custom Strategies to Curb Domestic Violence in New York essay

Counselling; Contemporary Humanistic Counselling Theory. Outcome 2 Essay

Counselling; Contemporary Humanistic Counselling Theory. Outcome 2 - Essay Example However, for a relationship to achieve intimacy, the partners need to be open and authentic with their behavior and thinking (Feltham, 1999, P.187). As intimacy comes from sharing the deepest and most personal feelings and thoughts, Berne (1964) says that it is a desirable state not only in personal relationships but also in counselling (Feltham, 1999, P.187). As intimacy in relationship is based on trust, openness and authenticity, it makes a relationship fulfilling by bringing partners close without practicing any barrier. Because of this nature of intimacy, it may be said that a relationship is successful only when it is able to achieve intimacy (Feltham, 1999, P.187). According to Solomon(1989), many clients seek counselling and therapy so that they can make their life better by making their relationships more fulfilling (Feltham, 1999, P.187). The importance of intimacy is not only limited to personal relationships but also in a therapeutic relationship (Feltham, 1999, P.187). I ntimacy between a therapist and the client is important as it helps in encouraging the client to open up, be receptive for therapy and develop the most important aspect in therapeutic relationship which is ‘trust’. These qualities of intimacy has made intimacy the fundamental prerequisite of humanistic counseling and in fact, achievement of intimacy in therapeutic relationship is considered one of the important goals of that relationship (Feltham, 1999, P.187). In humanistic counseling, intimacy is considered as a positive concept as it makes the counselling successful (Feltham, 1999, P.188). However, a client can develop intimacy in therapeutic relationship only when there is positive encouragement and support from the counsellor. A

Homeless Services Coalition in Kansas City Essay

Homeless Services Coalition in Kansas City - Essay Example I have had a past experience with my place of study whereby I was one of the homeless people at the place who benefited from the programs offered by the coalition agencies. This happened during the internal wars that happened in our country and we ran to Kansas for refuge. Literature Review Homeless Services Coalition strives to get rid of homelessness in the city. Homeless Services Coalition was formed to address the concerns and interests of the homeless community, service providers, their consumers and supporters (Rich Wiatt, Rich Thomas and Mullins 93). It works with local leaders to improve and sustain homeless community action plan. It was not easy to refuge community’s homeless population and it was very difficult to build the ability to prevent homelessness. This problem continued to spread each day and it became the growing need of the City. The organization had representatives from across the metropolitan area and continued to grow, in most cases it was made up of religious and commercial community. People came together to discuss the issue of homeless and the problems they face. The growing problem of homeless had negative impacts on the neighborhoods, business corridors and community at large. The size and characteristics of homeless population was of importance when dealing with the issue (Wright and Donley 18). This enabled in the roper planning by the organization. Several factors leading to homeless were stated and many programs and services were made available to the struggling population.

Arts in Our Lives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Arts in Our Lives - Essay Example One observed that women had been portrayed in different art works both as the subject or the model, and as the artist. Either way, the talents and skills manifested by women artists could be deemed at par with their male counterparts. The works are very inspirational and one strongly believes that even viewers who do not have some inclination in the arts could not help but appreciate these art works in colorful and vivid designs. The experience was therefore very educational and informative. The Pearl Jam concert was viewed online and was noted to have been held on the 31st of March, this year, at the Lollapalooza Festival at Sao Paolo in Brazil (Concerts Videos). One had actually attended other concerts and believe that the atmosphere of being amongst the crowd is significantly different, as compared to viewing the concert online. However, one could view that there was much power and intent enthusiasm in the crowd as manifested by the highly responsive audience. Since Pearl Jam is an alternative rock band, the songs were full of energy, dancing, singing with the lead singer, and vividly showing genuine enthusiasm for the band. From the audience, one could see that male and female are both fans of the band and therefore exemplifies that music knows no bounds on terms of gender, racial or ethnic orientation, or demographic factors. Finally, the film Man of Steel is another Superman movie of contemporary times. Since one had been a fan of Superman ever since the character appeared in comic books and had been shown in previous films, the new film was no exception to the heightened anticipation and elation that was felt for the super hero. Although one thought that the film could not possibly detract from the previous plot, the new actor who assumed the role of Superman, Henry Cavill, was very effective in enticing

Anorexia Nervosa Patient Case Study

Anorexia Nervosa Patient Case Study For my six week clinical practice placement in an adolescent mental health unit I chose to focus my project on a 15-year-old anorexia nervosa patient. This disorder largely affects young women and is an extremely challenging problem to treat. I felt that working with an anorexia nervosa patient in this controlled environment, under the guidance and supervision of a mentor, would be a particularly good application of action learning because â€Å"action learning†¦ can rapidly develop critical skills.†[1] In particular I wanted to develop interpersonal skills necessary to communicate well with patients and colleagues, and learn to relate to any issues raised by my patient being a teenager. As I learn better from hands-on training than through just reading and discussion I felt this would a valuable use of my clinical placement. Anorexia nervosa patients often have low self-esteem and â€Å"a desire for achieving perfection in all the things they do†[2] – this was something I had to be aware of during the placement because it raises the problems with goal setting. With anorexia it is difficult to agree on goals with a patient because the main goal, from a health perspective, is weight gain, which they want to avoid.[3] The other issue is that the patient is 15-years-old. This fits the common case that many patients â€Å"seek therapy at the insistence of parents†¦ [so] the patient arrives at for the consultation poised to resist, anticipating the same pressures for change.†[4] These factors combine to make treatment extremely difficult: first, the patient is resistant to change; second, the patient specifically wants to avoid weight gain, which is the main goal; third, if you can get the patient to agree on a goal they might feel anxiety because of their perfectionism, leading to mo re controlling behaviour – i.e. trying to lose weight. My mentor was especially helpful in highlighting some of these points to me with regards to the patient, and helping me think about ways we could deal with them clinically. In my last placement I did a training course in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and my mentor and I felt this could be useful. There is extensive clinical evidence supporting the use of CBT in treating anorexia nervosa[5] and â€Å"once the disorder is initiated, it is the cognitive self-reinforcement that becomes the key factor in regulating it.†[6] We agreed that since cognitive behaviour is key to the illness it has potential to break the negative thought cycle. I used clinical guidelines to understand more about the possible benefits of CBT for anorexia nervosa. One item of interest is that: â€Å"The CB approach has two particularly valuable sources of flexibility and creativity applicable to the issue of engagement. These are structured assessment and models of resistance†¦ structured assessment can be very helpful in developing an in-depth understanding surrounding resistance to services.†[7] With the guidance of my mentor and other clinic staff I worked on my assessment skills with the aim of engaging this particular patient. Unfortunately, in the course of my six week placement the patient proved very difficult to engage with, perhaps because â€Å"change involves a patient giving up a cherished and valued state.†[8] If this had been in an unsupported setting I would have found this very discouraging and probably would have doubted my methods. However, through using the learning side of the process I found that â€Å"motivation and engagement are commonly poor or ambivalent in patients with eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa†[9] and that â€Å"patients with anorexia nervosa react to stress both in childhood and adulthood with a helpless style of coping and a tendency to use avoidance strategies.†[10] These findings showed that I was dealing with a widespread problem, not something specific to my patient. This insight, and the supportive atmosphere from the other clinical staff, helped me keep my focus on the patient, and not think of the challenges as personal failings. In the space of six weeks I didn’t have time to work through these issues with this particular patient, but the action learning process gave me the confidence that I would be able to address them in future. It also put in perspective that the patient continued to lose weight. That is obviously not the outcome desired but knowing that: â€Å"70 percent of the [eating disordered] subjects for CBT remained symptomatic†[11] assured me that this is also a common problem. During the placement my mentor and I discussed these problems and talked about different methods that might be useful to overcome them. One area I decided it was important for me to focus on is relational skills with patients. With anorexia nervosa, especially, â€Å"the interpersonal process†¦ needs to take this ambivalence or indeed resistance into account. The skills of motivational interviewing are invaluable.†[12] We also talked about the possibility of using other types of therapy along with CBT. Most of the clinical data supports CBT as effective, but there have been some studies that show family therapy can be beneficial[13], which we thought might be a useful avenue to explore since the patient is 15. However, my mentor cautioned me that family difficulties often lie at the root of eating disorders and suggested I check some literature. I found out that â€Å"women with anorexia nervosa typically describe both their parents negatively†¦ and women with eatin g disorders described their parents as typically unsupportive of their independence.†[14] This would suggest treating family therapy with caution. It could be that patients come from genuinely unhappy families, or it could also be that anorexia nervosa patients resent their parents’ perceived intrusion of trying to make them eat as an attack on their independence. I’m glad my mentor raised this issue, because it made me realise that before using additional therapies you need to consider patient history and resistance, and you also need to understand the reasons they might not want to do a particular therapy, to allow you to make the best decision about treatment options. During the placement there was a good mix of clinical work and theory. I found my relationship with my mentor was the most important element during my time working with the patient, as they modelled good patient care and helped me reflect on my own work. They emphasised to me that â€Å"reflection is important within formal professional courses†¦ and for demonstrating work-based learning,†[15] which is something I probably wouldn’t have really thought about without their guidance. One of the possible weaknesses of action learning, according to some practitioners, is that: â€Å"where real work and learning are explicitly associated, the excitement, significance and immediacy of the action element can often submerge the learning element.†[16] I can see how that could happen in a busy clinical setting – for example an AE department – but I felt that within the setting of the mental health clinic there was adequate time for learning and there was a chance to access books, clinical guidelines and advice from the staff. As a result of what I learned during my project my development goal is to practice my therapeutic communication skills and make an effort to get feedback on them. This placement made me see how important interpersonal skills are, as well as the different challenges. In working with my patient I felt lack of engagement was one of the biggest difficulties, and led to an unsuccessful outcome in the short term. Developing strong therapeutic communication skills is a way to overcome resistance to treatment. Using the listening skills of therapeutic communication will also help understand the patient’s needs and challenges related to treatment – such as possible family issues in anorexia nervosa. It was somewhat discouraging to not see a better result with this patient, but the placement taught me that: â€Å"in Action Learning the emphasis is on the courageous struggle to act and understand; not on short cuts and quick fixes†[17] and I think that knowledge will enhance my confidence as I approach the challenges of improving my communication skills and taking forward what I learned. Bibliography Bennett-Levy, J., Butler, G., et al., Oxford Guide to Behavioural Experiments in Cognitive Therapy, Oxford University Press, 2004 Bulman, C. and Shutz, S., Reflective Practice in Nursing: The Growth of the Professional Practitioner, Blackwell Publishing, 2004 Cassidy, J. and Shaver, P., Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications, Guilford Press, 2002 Costin, C., The Eating Disorder Sourcebook: A Comprehensive Guide to the Causes, Treatments, and Prevention of Eating Disorders, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2006 Garner, D. and Garfinkel, P., Handbook of Treatment for Eating Disorders, Guilford Press, 1997 Grant, A., Mulhern, R., et al., Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Mental Health Care, SAGE, 2004 Marquardt, M. and Callahan, M., Action Learning, American Society for Training and Development, 1997 Newell, R. and Gournay, K., Mental Health Nursing: An Evidence-based Approach, Elsevier Health Sciences, 2000 Norman, I. and Ryrie, I., The Art and Science of Mental Health Nursing: A Textbook of Principles and Practice, McGraw-Hill International, 2004 Pedler, M., Action Learning in Practice, Gower Publishing, Ltd., 1997 Footnotes [1] Marquardt, M. and Callahan, M., Action Learning, American Society for Training and Development, 1997, p. 13 [2] Bennett-Levy, J., Butler, G., et al., Oxford Guide to Behavioural Experiments in Cognitive Therapy, Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 267 [3] Ibid, p. 95 [4] Garner, D. and Garfinkel, P., Handbook of Treatment for Eating Disorders, Guilford Press, 1997, p. 99 [5] Garner, D. and Garfinkel, P., Handbook of Treatment for Eating Disorders, p. 95 [6] Ibid, p. 106 [7] Grant, A., Mulhern, R., et al., Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Mental Health Care, SAGE, 2004, p. 149 [8] Newell, R. and Gournay, K., Mental Health Nursing: An Evidence-based Approach, Elsevier Health Sciences, 2000, p. 253 [9] Bennett-Levy, J., Butler, G., et al., Oxford Guide to Behavioural Experiments in Cognitive Therapy, p. 282 [10] Newell, R. and Gournay, K., Mental Health Nursing: An Evidence-based Approach, p. 247 [11] Costin, C., The Eating Disorder Sourcebook: A Comprehensive Guide to the Causes, Treatments, and Prevention of Eating Disorders, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2006, p. 118 [12] Norman, I. and Ryrie, I., The Art and Science of Mental Health Nursing: A Textbook of Principles and Practice, McGraw-Hill International, 2004, p. 463 [13] Ibid, p. 467 [14] Cassidy, J. and Shaver, P., Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications, Guilford Press, 2002, p. 508 [15] Bulman, C. and Shutz, S., Reflective Practice in Nursing: The Growth of the Professional Practitioner, Blackwell Publishing, 2004, p. 30 [16] Pedler, M., Action Learning in Practice, Gower Publishing, Ltd., 1997, p. 229 [17] Ibid, p. 32

Characters, Symbolism, and Themes in The Lord of The Flies Essay

The Lord of the Flies is a story about a stranded group of boys on a deserted island after their plane crashes. It is about an adventure at the start of a new World War. The boys try to create a society by selecting a leader and doing everything they can to survive. It is all a game without adult supervision until the island becomes a nightmare and their imaginations come to life. Everything becomes more realistic when the twins, Sam and Eric, find the body of the dead parachutist hanging from a tree on the island. Then the boys declare that there is some type of beast on the island and they must kill it to stay alive. Soon the boys turn on each other and kill Simon because he is mistaken for the beast. Jack then, takes over the group of boys and hunts down Piggy and Ralph. Then Roger pushes a boulder off the cliff and kills Piggy. The boys follow Ralph, which is the main character and the boys began to set the jungle on fire in attempt to smoke Ralph out. Ralph then discovers that h e is back on the beach after collapsing from exhaustion. After looking up, he then finds a Naval officer standing over him. The officer saw the raging fire in the jungle from his ship at sea. Overwhelmingly Ralph explains what happened to the officer. He and the boys begin to cry because they realize that they are finally being rescued and are going home. Symbolism is shown throughout the story, by the little things like the conch shell and Piggy’s glasses. The pig’s head is a huge symbol, showing that the boys believe in a power of evil. In this book the main theme is civilization vs. savagery. The boys lose their civilized being and innocence ways as they become savages and kill Simon and Piggy. In The Lord of The Flies, Golding analyzes characters, ... ...Cathy Falk. Vol. 58. Detroit: Gale Research, 1990. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 19 Jan. 2012. Slayton, Paul. "Teaching Rationale for William Golding's Lord of the Flies." Censored Books: Critical Viewpoints. Ed. Nicholas J. Karolides, Lee Burress, and John M. Kean. The Scarecrow Press, Inc, 1993. 351-357. Rpt. in Novels for Students. Ed. Diane Telgen. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 1998. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 19 Jan. 2012. SparkNotes. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb 2012. 98. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 19 Jan. 2012. Townsend, R. C. "Lord of the Flies': Fool's Gold." The Journal of General Education. Vol. 16. University Park, Pa.: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1964. 153-160. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Roger Matuz and Cathy Falk. Vol. 58. Detroit: Gale Research, 1990. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 19 Jan. 2012.